{"id":82009,"date":"2022-07-11T09:47:14","date_gmt":"2022-07-11T07:47:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fotc.com\/?p=82009"},"modified":"2023-09-27T11:14:46","modified_gmt":"2023-09-27T09:14:46","slug":"smtp-simple-mail-transfer-protocol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/blog\/smtp-simple-mail-transfer-protocol\/","title":{"rendered":"SMTP &#8211; Simple Mail Transfer Protocol &#8211; tot ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u00cen 2023, zilnic sunt trimise 347,3 miliarde de email-uri \u00eentre utilizatorii de Internet. Mailul este f\u0103r\u0103 discu\u021bii una dintre cele mai folosite metode de comunicare pentru utilizatori \u0219i companii deopotriv\u0103. V-a\u021bi \u00eentrebat vreodat\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 <strong>ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 dup\u0103 ce ap\u0103sa\u021bi butonul \u201dTrimite\u201d<\/strong>? Cum ajung mesajele companiei la clien\u021bii \u0219i colaboratorii s\u0103i? Aici intr\u0103 \u00een scen\u0103 SMTP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Email-urile voastre ajung la destina\u021bie dup\u0103 ce se angreneaz\u0103 un proces complex, \u00een centrul c\u0103ruia se afl\u0103 protocopul SMTP. Nici Gmail \u0219i nici alte servicii de mail nu v\u0103 vor solicita configurarea protocoalelor acestora. Este \u00eens\u0103 util s\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi ce este SMTP, cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u0219i cum se configureaz\u0103 email-urile de afaceri \u0219i nu numai. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-ce-este-smtp\">Ce este SMTP?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>SMTP (abrevierea pentru Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) este unul dintre protocoalele standard de comunicare prin e-mail. Este un protocol simplu, bazat pe text, care permite schimbul de e-mailuri pe internet. Acesta are nevoie de cel pu\u021bin un destinatar pentru mesajul trimis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/blog\/top-clienti-email-cont-gmail\/\" class=\"ek-link\">Clien\u021bii de e-mail<\/a>, cum ar fi Thunderbird sau Microsoft Outlook, se bazeaz\u0103 adesea pe SMTP atunci c\u00e2nd trimit e-mailuri. Pentru preluarea acestora, este necesar un alt protocol numit IMAP (sau versiunea mai veche POP3). Acesta este motivul pentru care SMTP este adesea men\u021bionat ca un <strong>server de e-mail outgoing<\/strong> (de ie\u0219ire).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bg-blue banners mt-4 mb-4\">\r\n  <div class=\"container \">\r\n    <div class=\"row sw\">\r\n        <div class=\"col-md-7 sw col-12 mb-md-0\">\r\n        <span style=\"margin-bottom: 1rem;\r\n    font-weight: 500;margin-top: 25px;\r\n    line-height: 1.1;\r\n    font-size: 2rem; display: block; color:#fff\">12 motive s\u0103 alegi Google Workspace pentru afacerea ta<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"col-md-5 sw sww\">\r\n        <img style=\"margin-top:25px;\" src=\"\/app\/uploads\/2023\/02\/FOTC-LOGO-WWW-RGB-RED-2.png\">\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"row\">\r\n          <div class=\"col-md-7\"><p style=\"color:#fff\">1. Email profesional cu Gmail<\/p><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"col-md-5 col-12 text-cent-right\">\r\n        <a class=\"newbtn bannerbtn\" href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/blog\/12-motive-pentru-care-sa-alegeti-google-workspace\/\">Cite\u0219te articolul<\/a>\r\n        \r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2>Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 un server SMTP?&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>SMTP con\u021bine informa\u021bii necesare serviciilor \u0219i clien\u021bilor de e-mail pentru a crea o conexiune bidirec\u021bional\u0103 \u00eentre servere \u0219i pentru a livra mesajele trimise \u00een c\u0103su\u021ba de e-mail corect\u0103 a destinatarilor. Procesul efectiv arat\u0103 dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>SMTP ini\u021bializeaz\u0103 <strong>leg\u0103tura dintre serverul de e-mail de expediere \u0219i cel de primire.<\/strong> Serverul de ie\u0219ire trimite comentarii de la cel\u0103lalt cap\u0103t.<\/li><li>Serverul de ie\u0219ire emite comanda MAIL indic\u00e2nd c\u0103 mesajul este trimis atunci c\u00e2nd transmisia este stabilit\u0103 \u0219i confirmat\u0103.\u00a0<\/li><li>Dup\u0103 ce serverul de primire prime\u0219te mesajul, trimite \u00eenapoi comanda OK.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>OK<\/strong> este semnalul pentru ca serverul de trimitere s\u0103 specifice un destinatar \u00een comanda RCPT.\u00a0<\/li><li>Dac\u0103 punctul de primire confirm\u0103 c\u0103 destinatarul este indicat corect, acesta emite o alt\u0103 comand\u0103 OK.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img width=\"766\" height=\"365\" src=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/06\/SMTP-server-diagram-drawIO-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-79136\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/06\/SMTP-server-diagram-drawIO-1.png 766w, https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/06\/SMTP-server-diagram-drawIO-1-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/06\/SMTP-server-diagram-drawIO-1-123x59.png 123w, https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/06\/SMTP-server-diagram-drawIO-1-142x68.png 142w, https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/06\/SMTP-server-diagram-drawIO-1-352x168.png 352w, https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/06\/SMTP-server-diagram-drawIO-1-542x258.png 542w, https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/06\/SMTP-server-diagram-drawIO-1-26x12.png 26w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 766px) 100vw, 766px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Alte comenzi simple pe care le \u00een\u021beleg serverele SMTP sunt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u200b\u200bHELO<\/strong> \u2013 pentru identificarea proprie\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>EHLO<\/strong> \u2013 identificarea extins\u0103 a unui server<\/li><li><strong>DATA <\/strong>\u2013 specifica\u021bi corpul mesajului\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>RSET<\/strong> \u2013 resetare<\/li><li><strong>QUIT<\/strong> \u2013 p\u0103r\u0103si\u021bi sesiunea<\/li><li><strong>HELP <\/strong>\u2013 ob\u021bine\u021bi ajutor pentru comenzi<\/li><li><strong>VRFY<\/strong> \u2013 verifica\u021bi o adres\u0103<\/li><li><strong>EXPN <\/strong>\u2013 extinde\u021bi o adres\u0103<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Un server SMTP este similar serverelor obi\u0219nuite, \u00eens\u0103 este conceput \u00een mod explicit pentru a facilita trimiterea, primirea \u0219i verificarea mesajelor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>F\u0103r\u0103 servere SMTP, <a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/blog\/gmail-pentru-afaceri\/\" class=\"ek-link\">e-mailurile de afaceri ale companiei<\/a> nu ar putea ajunge la destinatari. Mesajul vostru este convertit \u00een linii de cod ori de c\u00e2te ori ape\u0219i butonul de expediere mesaj. Acesta trebuie apoi s\u0103 fie procesat de server pentru a fi transmis \u00een c\u0103su\u021ba po\u0219tal\u0103 corect\u0103. Serverele SMTP ajut\u0103, de asemenea, la protec\u021bia utilizatorilor \u00een fa\u021ba erorilor. Acestea informeaz\u0103 serverul expeditorului dac\u0103 exist\u0103 o problem\u0103 cu livrarea din cauza unei adrese incorecte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SMTP este aplicabil \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd dori\u021bi s\u0103 redirec\u021biona\u021bi mesaje sau s\u0103 trimite\u021bi e-mailuri c\u0103tre mai mul\u021bi destinatari simultan &#8211; de exemplu, \u00een timpul unei campanii de e-mail marketing.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bg-blue banners mt-4 mb-4\">\r\n  <div class=\"container \">\r\n    <div class=\"row sw\">\r\n        <div class=\"col-md-7 sw col-12 mb-md-0\">\r\n        <span style=\"margin-bottom: 1rem;\r\n    font-weight: 500;margin-top: 25px;\r\n    line-height: 1.1;\r\n    font-size: 2rem; display: block; color:#fff\">Al\u0103tura\u021bi-v\u0103 comunit\u0103\u021bii noastre Google Workspace<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"col-md-5 sw sww\">\r\n        <img style=\"margin-top:25px;\" src=\"\/app\/uploads\/2023\/02\/FOTC-LOGO-WWW-RGB-RED-2.png\">\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"row\">\r\n          <div class=\"col-md-7\"><p style=\"color:#fff\">Fi\u021bi la curent cu cele mai recente \u0219tiri despre productivitate \u0219i colaborare<\/p><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"col-md-5 col-12 text-cent-right\">\r\n        <a class=\"newbtn bannerbtn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/552467848862231\">Deveni\u021bi membru!<\/a>\r\n        \r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2>De ce s\u0103 alege\u021bi SMTP?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul type=\"1\"><li><strong>Pentru a proteja rela\u021biile cu clien\u021bii<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Un serviciu SMTP va proteja reputa\u021bia IP-ului companiei \u0219i va interzice expedierea oric\u0103rui mesaj spam dinspre serverele acesteia. Securitatea asta se va extinde astfel \u0219i asupra rela\u021biilor actuale cu clien\u021bi sau poten\u021biali clien\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Pentru a economisi timp valoros<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Aproximativ 25% din tichetele primite de echipele de suport sunt cauzate de probleme legate de livrarea email-urilor. F\u0103r\u0103 un filtru spam outbound, un IP compromis le va cauza numeroase probleme \u0219i timp pierdut angaja\u021bilor t\u0103i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Garan\u021bia unui server SMTP<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu un serviciu SMTP, v\u0103 pute\u021bi asigura c\u0103 email-urile importante ajung \u00een c\u0103su\u021ba electronic\u0103 potrivit\u0103. Nu mai ave\u021bi de ce s\u0103 v\u0103 teme\u021bi de foldere Junk sau emailuri complet blocate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Garan\u021bia tehnologiilor testate<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Google \u0219i Gmail au limite stricte pentru a descuraja campaniile spam. Google analizeaz\u0103 toate email-urile care pornesc dinspre serverele tale, detect\u00e2nd spam-ul \u0219i raport\u00e2ndu-l pentru a bloca conturile astfel compromise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Diferen\u021bele dintre SMTP \u0219i alte protocoale<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Protocolul de email este un intermediar standard care lucreaz\u0103 \u00eentre clientul de email (ca Thunderbird, Apple Mail) \u0219i serverul de email (ca Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo). Protocolul se ocup\u0103 astfel de transmiterea datelor de la expeditor la destinatar: din clientul de email al expeditorului c\u0103tre serverul de email al acestuia, mai departe c\u0103tre serverul de email al destinatarului \u0219i \u00een cele din urm\u0103 \u00een clientul de email al acestuia.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Principalele protocoale de email pe care le ve\u021bi \u00eent\u00e2lni sunt IMAP, POP3 \u0219i SMTP, primele dou\u0103 fiind pentru trimiterea \u0219i primirea email-urilor de pe un server de mail, \u00een timp ce SMTP este folosit pentru expedierea email-urilor \u00eentre serverele de mail, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru transferul de pe un email de client pe un server \u0219i viceversa.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-imap-internet-message-access-protocol\">IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>IMAP este cel mai cunoscut protocol de mail folosit pentru a accesa un cont de email din loca\u021bii multiple, care p\u0103streaz\u0103 email-urile pe serverul de mailing. Nu este un protocol suportat de mul\u021bi provideri deoarece stocheaz\u0103 mesajele \u00een mod nedefinit \u0219i folose\u0219te astfel spa\u021biu de stocare pe disc. Acest lucru poate fi un real inconvenient deoarece mail-urile adesea con\u021bin ata\u0219amente care vor ocupa spa\u021bii de stocare semnificative.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un alt inconvenient pentru IMAP este faptul c\u0103 adresa de email se poate accesa doar prin conexiune la Internet, tocmai pentru c\u0103 nu se fac copii ale acestora pe hard drive-ul device-ului pe care \u00eel folosi\u021bi.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-pop3-post-office-protocol\">POP3 (Post Office Protocol)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>DIferit de IMAP, un cont de email POP3 va desc\u0103rca mailul pe computerul local \u00een mod implicit \u0219i se va \u0219terge de pe serverul de mail, prevenind astfel ca alte dispozitive s\u0103 poat\u0103 citi acela\u0219i mail. Astfel, mailurile expediate vor r\u0103m\u00e2ne doar \u00een folderul de Trimise \u0219i niciodat\u0103 pe serverul de email.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mai vechi dec\u00e2t IMAP4 \u0219i ca atare mai pu\u021bin puternic dec\u00e2t acesta, protocolul POP3 a fost creat pentru a fi folosit \u00een modul offline, \u00een special \u00een vremurile cu conexiune dial-up. Printre dezavantajele POP3 se num\u0103r\u0103 un acces dificil la email din alte loca\u021bii sau de pe alte dispozitive, \u00een special \u00een era muncii remote care presupune o flexibilitate pentru conectare oric\u00e2nd \u0219i de oriunde.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Ai nevoie de ajutor profesionist pentru conturile Gmail de afaceri?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dac\u0103 tu \u0219i echipa ta \u00eent\u00e2mpina\u021bi probleme cu conturile Gmail sau cu orice alt\u0103 aplica\u021bie Google Workspace, <a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/contact\/\" class=\"ek-link\">FOTC<\/a> v\u0103 poate ajuta. <a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/blog\/google-cloud-partener-avantaje-cooperare\/\" class=\"ek-link\">Echipa noastr\u0103 de ingineri cloud<\/a> este specializat\u0103 \u00een asisten\u021ba companiilor \u00een timpul implement\u0103rii, migr\u0103rii \u0219i configur\u0103rii serviciilor Google Cloud. V\u0103 putem audita set\u0103rile de securitate, v\u0103 putem oferi instruire \u0219i v\u0103 putem remedia orice probleme pe care le \u00eent\u00e2mpin\u0103 utilizatorii sau administratorii din organiza\u021bia dvs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Echipa noastr\u0103 v\u0103 poate ajuta \u0219i cu reducerea costurilor pentru <a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/blog\/ce-este-google-workspace\/\" class=\"ek-link\">abonamentele Google Workspace<\/a>, reduceri exclusiv garantate de o companie partener\u0103 Google ca FOTC. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen 2023, zilnic sunt trimise 347,3 miliarde de email-uri \u00eentre utilizatorii de Internet. Mailul este f\u0103r\u0103 discu\u021bii una dintre cele mai folosite metode de comunicare pentru utilizatori \u0219i companii deopotriv\u0103. V-a\u021bi \u00eentrebat vreodat\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 dup\u0103 ce ap\u0103sa\u021bi butonul \u201dTrimite\u201d? Cum ajung mesajele companiei la clien\u021bii \u0219i colaboratorii s\u0103i? Aici intr\u0103 \u00een scen\u0103 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/blog\/smtp-simple-mail-transfer-protocol\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":82010,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":4,"_editorskit_typography_data":[],"_editorskit_blocks_typography":"","_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}"},"categories":[565,276],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v16.7 (Yoast SEO v19.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ghidul SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol | FOTC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"F\u0103r\u0103 SMTP \u0219i alte protocoale, trimiterea de e-mailuri nu ar fi posibil\u0103. Descoper\u0103 ce este SMTP \u0219i cum s\u0103-l configurezi \u00een Gmail.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/blog\/smtp-simple-mail-transfer-protocol\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ghidul SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol | FOTC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"F\u0103r\u0103 SMTP \u0219i alte protocoale, trimiterea de e-mailuri nu ar fi posibil\u0103. 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