{"id":31957,"date":"2020-12-01T16:17:11","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T15:17:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fotc.com\/cloud-computing-ce-este\/"},"modified":"2022-05-11T12:00:28","modified_gmt":"2022-05-11T10:00:28","slug":"cloud-computing-ce-este","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/blog\/cloud-computing-ce-este\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce este cloud computing? Introducere \u0219i concepte de baz\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents collapsed\"><h2>  Cuprins    <\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-ce-este-cloud-computing\" data-level=\"2\">Ce este cloud computing?<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-n-concluzie-cloud-computing-poate-fi-definit-astfel\" data-level=\"3\">\u00cen concluzie, cloud computing poate fi definit astfel:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-computing-informatic-internet-este-acela-i-cloud\" data-level=\"3\">Computing, informatic, internet \u2013 este acela\u0219i cloud<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-de-unde-a-ap-rut-termenul-de-cloud\" data-level=\"3\">De unde a ap\u0103rut termenul de \u201ccloud\u201d?&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-tipuri-de-cloud-computing\" data-level=\"2\">Tipuri de cloud computing<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-cloud-privat\" data-level=\"3\">Cloud privat<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-cloud-public\" data-level=\"3\">Cloud public<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-cloud-hibrid\" data-level=\"3\">Cloud hibrid<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-multi-cloud\" data-level=\"3\">Multi-cloud<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-modele-de-servicii-de-cloud-computing\" data-level=\"3\">Modele de servicii de cloud computing<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-on-premise\" data-level=\"3\">On-premise<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-infrastructure-as-a-service-iaas\" data-level=\"3\">Infrastructure-as-a-Service \u2013 IaaS<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-platform-as-a-service-paas\" data-level=\"3\">Platform-as-a-Service \u2013 PaaS<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-software-as-a-service-saas\" data-level=\"3\">Software-as-a-Service \u2013 SaaS<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-aplicarea-cloud-computing-ului-n-afaceri\" data-level=\"3\">Aplicarea cloud computing-ului \u00een afaceri<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Cloud computing este o solu\u021bie tehnologic\u0103 care merge de c\u00e2\u021biva ani m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103 cu lumea afacerilor. Conceptul este popular, dar defini\u021bia \u00een sine este neclar\u0103. Mul\u021bi \u00eentreprinz\u0103tori au fost surprin\u0219i de \u00eentrebarea ce cloud folosesc \u2013 cloud computing, cloud internet, cloud informatic? Privat, public sau poate hibrid?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Este timpul s\u0103 clarific\u0103m acest concept \u2013 vom explica defini\u021biile \u0219i conceptele de baz\u0103 referitoare la cloud.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-ce-este-cloud-computing\"><span>Ce este cloud computing?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Prin cloud se \u00een\u021belege un set de servere interconectate. Un server este un program sau un dispozitiv pe care pute\u021bi stoca \u0219i prelucra date \u2013 texte, imagini, fi\u0219iere de site-uri web, dar pute\u021bi, de asemenea, s\u0103 rula\u021bi programe sau <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/blog\/bigquery-ce-este-tutorial\/\"><span>s\u0103 efectua\u021bi analize avansate<\/span><\/a><span>. Serverele pot fi conectate printr-o re\u021bea privat\u0103 sau public\u0103, de exemplu, prin Internet.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Cei mai mari furnizori de servicii cloud au milioane de servere situate \u00een loca\u021bii diferite, conectate prin mii de kilometri de cabluri. Aceast\u0103 solu\u021bie permite generarea unei puteri de calcul enorme \u0219i asigur\u0103 un transfer de date aproape instantaneu \u00eentre diferite camere de servere (cunoscute sub numele de centre de date), chiar \u0219i \u00een cele mai \u00eendep\u0103rtate locuri.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/siec-GCP-2020-1024x352.png\" alt=\"mapa sieci Google Cloud\" class=\"wp-image-48954\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span>\u00centre\u021binerea ma\u0219inilor este \u00een grija furnizorului de servicii \u2013 acesta efectueaz\u0103 actualiz\u0103ri, protejeaz\u0103 ma\u0219inile \u00eempotriva inunda\u021biilor, focului sau furtului \u0219i asigur\u0103 condi\u021bii adecvate \u00een camera de server, cum ar fi un nivel adecvat de umiditate sau temperatura aerului.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Cloud-ul \u00eenseamn\u0103 nu numai spa\u021biu pe server, ci un set de sute de servicii care pot fi utilizate pentru dezvoltarea unei companii, al unui site web sau al unui sistem IT \u00een curs de construc\u021bie.<\/b><span> Proprietarul cloud-ului \u2013 cum este Google \u2013 ofer\u0103 servicii de platform\u0103 cloud. Utilizatorii au acces, printre altele, la diverse ma\u0219ini virtuale, servicii de analiz\u0103 BigData sau modele de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103 gata preg\u0103tite. Aceste servicii ruleaz\u0103 la cerere (<\/span><i><span>on-demand<\/span><\/i><span>) \u0219i sunt facturate \u00een func\u021bie de consum.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Mai multe despre cloud computing \u2013 pe baza exemplului platformei populare GCP \u2013 vei afla din articolul&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/blog\/google-cloud-platform-ce-este\/\"><span>Ce este Google Cloud Platform \u0219i cum sus\u021bine afacerile?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-n-concluzie-cloud-computing-poate-fi-definit-astfel\"><span>\u00cen concluzie, cloud computing poate fi definit astfel:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Cloud computing este un model de prelucrare a datelor care const\u0103 \u00een punerea la dispozi\u021bia utilizatorului, prin intermediul resurselor web \u0219i a serviciilor furnizorului, a puterii de calcul, spa\u021biului de disc,&nbsp;<\/span><span>bazelor de date<\/span><span>, serviciilor de analiz\u0103 \u0219i inteligen\u021bei artificiale.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-computing-informatic-internet-este-acela-i-cloud\"><span>Computing, informatic, internet \u2013 este acela\u0219i cloud<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Navig\u00e2nd pe internet, v\u0103 pute\u021bi pierde u\u0219or printre diferitele denumiri referitoare la cloud. Ne-am \u00eent\u00e2lnit, printre altele, cu cloud computing, nor de calcul informatic, de internet sau cloud de calculator. <\/span><b>Toate denumirile se refer\u0103 la acela\u0219i lucru<\/b><span>, adic\u0103 la modelul de furnizare de servicii \u0219i resurse pe dispozitive de\u021binute de furnizor.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-de-unde-a-ap-rut-termenul-de-cloud\"><span>De unde a ap\u0103rut termenul de \u201ccloud\u201d?&nbsp;<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Explica\u021bia este surprinz\u0103toare, imprevizibil\u0103 \u0219i simpl\u0103 \u00een acela\u0219i timp. Primii ingineri de re\u021bea au folosit un desen asem\u0103n\u0103tor norului pentru a ilustra conceptul de conectare a mai multor dispozitive. Simbolul de nor a fost folosit \u00eenainte, \u00een schemele de re\u021bea telefonic\u0103, apoi ca simbol al Internetului.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-tipuri-de-cloud-computing\"><span>Tipuri de cloud computing<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span>\u0218tim deja c\u0103 cloud computing, cloud de internet \u0219i informatic se refer\u0103 la acela\u0219i lucru. Cu toate acestea, exist\u0103 o distinc\u021bie \u00eentre tipurile de cloud \u2013 diferen\u021bele se refer\u0103 la cine este proprietarul dispozitivelor, modul \u00een care pune la dispozi\u021bie resursele \u0219i serviciile \u0219i modul \u00een care aceste resurse sunt utilizate.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-cloud-privat\"><span>Cloud privat<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Proprietarul cloud-ului privat \u2013 ma\u0219ini, re\u021beaua intern\u0103 care le conecteaz\u0103 \u0219i resursele disponibile \u2013 este o organiza\u021bie. Infrastructura este deservit\u0103 de un furnizor extern sau de un departament IT intern. Compania nu partajeaz\u0103 cloud-ul cu al\u021bi utilizatori. Aceasta are libertatea de a crea \u0219i instala servicii noi, dar construirea propriilor solu\u021bii implic\u0103 costuri suplimentare.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-cloud-public\"><span>Cloud public<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>O solu\u021bie \u00een care ma\u0219inile \u0219i resursele apar\u021bin fizic unui furnizor extern \u2013 de exemplu, Google (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/google-cloud-platform\/\"><span>Google Cloud Platform<\/span><\/a><span>), Amazon (Amazon Web Services) sau Alibaba (Alibaba Cloud). Furnizorul ofer\u0103 servicii cloud gata f\u0103cute, de exemplu, servere virtuale, depozite, baze de date,&nbsp;<\/span><span>modele de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103 \u0219i inteligen\u021b\u0103 artificial\u0103<\/span><span>, servicii de analiz\u0103 BigData sau Internet of Things. Solu\u021bia este scalabil\u0103, iar plata este flexibil\u0103, \u00een func\u021bie de consum.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-cloud-hibrid\"><span>Cloud hibrid<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Cloud-ul hibrid o combina\u021bie \u00eentre un cloud public \u0219i un cloud privat sau cu un server propriu (solu\u021bie on-premise). Permite stocarea datelor critice \u00een propria infrastructur\u0103 fizic\u0103, cu utilizarea simultan\u0103 a serviciilor cloud publice gata preg\u0103tite.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-multi-cloud\"><span>Multi-cloud<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Acesta este un model de utilizare a serviciilor a cel pu\u021bin dou\u0103 cloud-uri publice simultan, de exemplu, de la Google Cloud Platform \u0219i Microsoft Azure.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Pute\u021bi citi mai multe despre tipurile de cloud, avantajele \u0219i dezavantajele fiec\u0103rei solu\u021bii \u00een articolul:&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/blog\/on-premise-private-public-hybrid-multi-cloud\/\"><span>On-premise, cloud privat, public, hibrid \u0219i multi-cloud \u2013 avantajele \u0219i dezavantajele solu\u021biilor<\/span><\/a><span>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-modele-de-servicii-de-cloud-computing\"><span>Modele de servicii de cloud computing<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Furnizorii permit utilizarea serviciilor cloud \u00een mai multe modele: Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) \u0219i Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). Pur \u0219i simplu, modelele difer\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te \u00eemp\u0103r\u021birea serviciilor pentru anumite domenii \u00eentre furnizorul de servicii \u0219i utilizator \u0219i, ca urmare, determin\u0103 produsul pus la dispozi\u021bia utilizatorului. Chiar \u0219i denumirile modelelor indic\u0103 cu ce fel de produs cloud avem de a face \u2013 infrastructur\u0103, platform\u0103 sau software.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/iaas-saas-paas.png\" alt=\"r\u00f3\u017cnice mi\u0119dzy modelami chmur: on-premise, IaaS, PaaS i SaaS\" class=\"wp-image-49818\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-on-premise\"><span>On-premise<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>On-premise \u00eenseamn\u0103 propriul centru de date. Acesta este un model \u00een care proprietarul administreaz\u0103 \u00eentreaga solu\u021bie \u2013 de la ma\u0219ini, p\u00e2n\u0103 la re\u021bea, date \u0219i aplica\u021bii. Solu\u021bia ofer\u0103 un control excelent asupra echipamentelor fizice \u0219i a solu\u021biilor implementate, dar deservirea necesit\u0103 timp \u0219i este costisitoare.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-infrastructure-as-a-service-iaas\"><span>Infrastructure-as-a-Service \u2013 IaaS<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>\u00cen modelul IaaS, ma\u0219inile sunt de\u021binute de furnizorul de servicii, iar utilizatorul poate folosi resurse \u0219i servicii cloud partajate. Aceasta este o infrastructur\u0103 online \u2013 nu ave\u021bi nevoie de propria camer\u0103 de servere \u0219i de servere fizice. Un exemplu de serviciu \u00een modelul IaaS este Google Compute Engine \u2013 serviciul de ma\u0219ini virtuale pe&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/google-cloud-platform\/\"><span>platforma GCP<\/span><\/a><span>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-platform-as-a-service-paas\"><span>Platform-as-a-Service \u2013 PaaS<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><i><span>Platform-as-a-Service<\/span><\/i><span>&nbsp;poate fi tradus drept&nbsp;<\/span><i><span>platforma ca serviciu<\/span><\/i><span>. \u00cen modelul PaaS, furnizorul de servicii este responsabil pentru operarea stoc\u0103rii memoriei, re\u021belei sau serverelor. Utilizatorul (de obicei un dezvolt\u0103tor) are acces la un mediu dedicat pentru crearea \u0219i implementarea aplica\u021biilor. Nu trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 cuno\u0219tin\u021be despre administrarea sistemului sau \u00eentre\u021binerea infrastructurii, deoarece aceste domenii sunt acoperite de furnizor. App Engine este un exemplu de serviciu PaaS.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-software-as-a-service-saas\"><span>Software-as-a-Service \u2013 SaaS<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>SaaS \u2013 sau software \u00een cloud, cunoscut \u0219i sub numele de aplica\u021bie cloud. Acesta este un instrument gata f\u0103cut disponibil prin intermediul re\u021belei publice, de obicei \u00eentr-un model de abonament. Utilizatorul nu trebuie s\u0103-\u0219i fac\u0103 griji cu privire la deservirea sau \u00eentre\u021binerea instrumentului, deoarece prime\u0219te o solu\u021bie gata f\u0103cut\u0103, administrat\u0103 integral de furnizor. Un exemplu de software \u00een cloud este&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/google-workspace\/\"><span>Google Workspace \u2013 un pachet de aplica\u021bii cloud pentru firme<\/span><\/a><span>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-aplicarea-cloud-computing-ului-n-afaceri\"><span>Aplicarea cloud computing-ului \u00een afaceri<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Wow, am trecut prin multe concepte nebuloase despre cloud!<\/span><span><br>\n<\/span><span><br>\n<\/span><span> Am explicat ce este cloud computing, care sunt diferen\u021bele dintre un cloud privat, public, hibrid \u0219i multi-cloud \u0219i ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 abrevierile IaaS, PaaS \u0219i SaaS.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Dar cum pot fi utilizate aceste tehnologii \u00een practic\u0103?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva exemple de utilizare a cloud-ului \u00een afaceri \u2013 cele pe care le utiliz\u0103m noi,&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/clienti\/\"><span>clien\u021bii no\u0219tri<\/span><\/a><span>&nbsp;\u0219i cele pe care le poate utiliza firma ta.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Stocarea fi\u0219ierelor companiei pe un cloud drive<\/b><span>, \u00een locul unui computer sau a unei unit\u0103\u021bi USB, ceea ce va permite accesul comod la materiale de la nivelul unui browser web \u0219i va proteja \u00eempotriva pierderii de date (disponibil, de ex., pe&nbsp;<\/span><span>Google Drive<\/span><span>&nbsp;sau \u00een serviciul GCP&nbsp;<\/span><span>Cloud Storage<\/span><span>);<\/span><\/li><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Editarea \u00een echip\u0103 a documentelor<\/b><span> text, prezent\u0103rilor sau foilor de calcul; modific\u0103rile aduse fi\u0219ierelor din cloud sunt salvate automat \u0219i sunt vizibile imediat pentru al\u021bi angaja\u021bi (aplica\u021biile Google Docs, Sheets sau Slides disponibile \u00een pachetul&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/google-workspace\/\"><span>Google Workspace<\/span><\/a><span>);<\/span><\/li><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea comunic\u0103rii<\/b><span> \u00eentre angaja\u021bi datorit\u0103 instrumentelor \u00eencorporate, cum ar fi chat-ul sau platforma pentru videoconferin\u021be (Chat \u0219i Meet disponibile \u00een pachetul de aplica\u021bii de afaceri Google Workspace);<\/span><\/li><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Hosting pentru site-uri<\/b><span>&nbsp;\u00een cloud<\/span><span>, ceea ce va asigura stabilitatea site-ului, disponibilitatea 24\/7 \u0219i transparen\u021ba costurilor,<\/span><\/li><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Construirea \u0219i dezvoltarea propriei aplica\u021bii<\/b><span> cu utilizarea serviciilor cloud avansate \u2013 inclusiv o putere de calcul enorm\u0103, instrumente de analiz\u0103 BigData sau modele de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103.<\/span><span><br>\n<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 145px; top: 1163.76px;\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cloud computing este o solu\u021bie tehnologic\u0103 care merge de c\u00e2\u021biva ani m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103 cu lumea afacerilor. Conceptul este popular, dar defini\u021bia \u00een sine este neclar\u0103. Mul\u021bi \u00eentreprinz\u0103tori au fost surprin\u0219i de \u00eentrebarea ce cloud folosesc \u2013 cloud computing, cloud internet, cloud informatic? Privat, public sau poate hibrid? Este timpul s\u0103 clarific\u0103m acest concept \u2013 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/blog\/cloud-computing-ce-este\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":74054,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_typography_data":[],"_editorskit_blocks_typography":"","_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}"},"categories":[562,565,276],"tags":[536,546],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v16.7 (Yoast SEO v19.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ce este cloud computing? 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