{"id":31938,"date":"2020-06-24T14:12:04","date_gmt":"2020-06-24T12:12:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fotc.com\/kubernetes-tutorial\/"},"modified":"2022-05-16T09:21:35","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T07:21:35","slug":"kubernetes-tutorial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/blog\/kubernetes-tutorial\/","title":{"rendered":"Kubernetes \u2013 ce este \u0219i cum s\u0103 \u00eencepe\u021bi? [Tutorial pe GCP]"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents collapsed\"><h2>    Cuprins      <\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-ce-este-kubernetes\" data-level=\"2\">Ce este Kubernetes?<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-centralizare\" data-level=\"3\">Centralizare<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-scalabilitate\" data-level=\"3\">Scalabilitate<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-diverse-solu-ii-de-infrastructur\" data-level=\"3\">Diverse solu\u021bii de infrastructur\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-coeren-a-ntre-medii\" data-level=\"3\">Coeren\u021ba \u00eentre medii<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-prevenirea-defec-iunilor-i-auto-repararea\" data-level=\"3\">Prevenirea defec\u021biunilor \u0219i auto-repararea <\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-dezvoltarea-continu-a-platformei\" data-level=\"3\">Dezvoltarea continu\u0103 a platformei<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-exemple-de-utilizare-a-kubernetes\" data-level=\"2\">Exemple de utilizare a Kubernetes<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-kubernetes-pe-google-cloud-platform-tutorial\" data-level=\"3\">Kubernetes pe Google Cloud Platform \u2013 tutorial<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-kubernetes-pe-google-cloud-platform-ob-ine-i-un-voucher-de-500-usd\" data-level=\"3\">Kubernetes pe Google Cloud Platform \u2013 ob\u021bine\u021bi un voucher de 500 USD<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Tot mai multe sisteme IT sunt create folosind containere. Containerizarea implic\u0103 plasarea componentelor aplica\u021biei (procesele, dependen\u021bele, bibliotecile, fi\u0219ierele de configurare sau bazele de date locale) \u00een c\u00e2teva sau mai multe &#8220;colec\u021bii&#8221; numite containere. Aceasta combin\u0103 avantajele virtualiz\u0103rii \u0219i men\u021binerii sistemului pe un server fizic. Adic\u0103, ofer\u0103 scalabilitate, portabilitate software rapid\u0103 \u0219i u\u0219oar\u0103 \u0219i separarea instan\u021belor, men\u021bin\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp o performan\u021b\u0103 ridicat\u0103.<\/span><br>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p><span>Av\u00e2nd numai c\u00e2teva containere, acestea pot fi controlate manual, dar \u00een cazul a sute sau mii de containere distribuite \u0219i gestionate dinamic, controlul poate fi dificil. R\u0103spunsul la aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 este orchestra\u021bia, adic\u0103 introducerea automatiz\u0103rii, administrarea grupurilor \u0219i monitorizarea containerelor. <strong>Cel mai popular instrument pentru orchestra\u021bie este Kubernetes.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-ce-este-kubernetes\"><span>Ce este Kubernetes?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Kubernetes este o platform\u0103 open source care serve\u0219te la administrarea containerelor pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Denumirea provine din limba greac\u0103 \u2013 &#8220;\u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2&#8221; \u00eenseamn\u0103 timonier, ceea ce explic\u0103 perfect scopul platformei. Kubernetes este numit, de asemenea, K8s, o abreviere \u00een care opt litere &#8220;ubernete&#8221; au fost \u00eenlocuite cu cifra &#8220;8&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Instrumentul a fost creat de Google \u00een urm\u0103 cu aproape 20 de ani pentru a administra lucr\u0103rile mediului de produc\u021bie al companiei. \u00cen anul 2014, proiectul a fost predat organiza\u021biei Cloud Native Computing Foundation \u0219i a fost f\u0103cut public \u2013 de atunci, platforma este dezvoltat\u0103 continuu de organiza\u021bie \u0219i de companiile \u0219i speciali\u0219tii care utilizeaz\u0103 Kubernetes (\u00een proiectele open source se pot implica \u0219i utilizatorii).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>K8s suport\u0103 automatizarea implement\u0103rilor, scalarea aplica\u021biilor, gestionarea containerelor, monitorizarea proceselor \u0219i modific\u0103rilor. Proprietarii de aplica\u021bii \u0219i echipele de dezvoltare care utilizeaz\u0103 platforma se pot concentra mai mult pe dezvoltarea produsului lor dec\u00e2t pe lucr\u0103rile DevOps (gestionarea infrastructurii \u0219i adaptarea produsului la cerin\u021bele acesteia). Kubernetes permite administrarea clusterelor (grupuri de servere care colaboreaz\u0103), astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t acestea s\u0103 arate, din perspectiva utilizatorului, \u00een termeni simpli, ca o singur\u0103 ma\u0219in\u0103. K8s elimin\u0103 obliga\u021bia dezvoltatorului de a adapta aplica\u021bia la cerin\u021bele infrastructurii \u2013 specialistul comand\u0103 lansarea aplica\u021biei, iar Kubernetes poate \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi singur serviciile \u00eentre clustere, servere \u0219i le poate direc\u021biona spre containerele corespunz\u0103toare. Kubernetes are propria sa form\u0103 de load-balancing care este o tehnic\u0103 de dispersare (echilibrare) a sarcinilor \u00eentre mai multe ma\u0219ini.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>K8s este suportat de majoritatea cloud-urilor publice, inclusiv de<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/google-cloud-platform\/\"><span> Google Cloud Platform<\/span><span>.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Vezi \u0219i:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/blog\/google-cloud-platform-ce-este\/\"><span>Ce este Google Cloud Platform \u0219i cum suport\u0103 afacerile?<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/blog\/configurarea-google-cloud-platform\/\"><span>Cum s\u0103 crea\u021bi<\/span><span> \u0219i s\u0103 configura\u021bi un cont Google Cloud Platform?<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-centralizare\">Centralizare<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Platforma Kubernetes permite administrarea tuturor clusterelor, serverelor \u0219i containerelor dintr-un singur loc, indiferent unde se afl\u0103 ma\u0219inile sau componentele aplica\u021biei. Aceasta suport\u0103 planificarea \u00een grup, implementarea, scalarea \u0219i gestionarea ciclului de via\u021b\u0103 al elementelor.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-scalabilitate\"><span>Scalabilitate<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>La baza K8s st\u0103 scalabilitatea \u2013 instrumentul a fost creat de Google pentru a lansa miliarde de containere pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103. Indiferent de num\u0103rul de ac\u021biuni efectuate, de ma\u0219ini utilizate sau de containere de\u021binute, <strong>nu este nevoie s\u0103 extinde\u021bi sau s\u0103 mic\u0219ora\u021bi echipa DevOps<\/strong>. Ave\u021bi, de asemenea, posibilitatea s\u0103 scala\u021bi orizontal \u0219i s\u0103 reduce\u021bi necesarul de resurse prin comenzi sau prin interfa\u021ba utilizatorului sau automat pe baza utiliz\u0103rii procesorului.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-diverse-solu-ii-de-infrastructur\"><span>Diverse solu\u021bii de infrastructur\u0103<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Kubernetes lucreaz\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu infrastructura de pe <strong>servere fizice<\/strong>, solu\u021bii cloud \u0219i <strong>hibride<\/strong> (combina\u021bie \u00eentre un centru local \u0219i cloud). Acesta este suportat de diver\u0219i furnizori de cloud-uri publice, inclusiv Google Cloud Platform, Amazon Web Services \u0219i Microsoft Azure.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-coeren-a-ntre-medii\"><span>Coeren\u021ba \u00eentre medii<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Dup\u0103 lansarea aplica\u021biei pe platform\u0103, aceasta devine o aplica\u021bie portabil\u0103. Aplica\u021bia poate fi <strong>mutat\u0103 \u00eentre medii<\/strong> (cum ar fi dezvoltare, testare, produc\u021bie) \u0219i <strong>\u00eentre solu\u021bii de infrastructur\u0103, men\u021bin\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp coeren\u021ba aplica\u021biei.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-prevenirea-defec-iunilor-i-auto-repararea\"><span>Prevenirea defec\u021biunilor \u0219i auto-repararea <\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>K8s face modific\u0103ri treptat, <strong>monitoriz\u00e2nd constant starea fiec\u0103rei instan\u021be.<\/strong> Dac\u0103 ceva nu merge bine, Kubernetes retrage automat modific\u0103rile. Dac\u0103 un container prezint\u0103 o eroare, instrumentul \u00eel \u00eenlocuie\u0219te cu altul, lucr\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp la restabilirea func\u021bion\u0103rii \u0219i elimin\u00e2nd elementele inutile.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-dezvoltarea-continu-a-platformei\"><span>Dezvoltarea continu\u0103 a platformei<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Kubernetes este un proiect open source.<strong> \u00cen dezvoltarea sa sunt implica\u021bi nu numai proprietarii, ci \u0219i persoanele care folosesc platforma zilnic: dezvoltatori, speciali\u0219ti DevOps, companii de software<\/strong>. Ace\u0219tia creeaz\u0103 elemente noi sau propun implementarea de \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri ale proceselor \u0219i instrumentelor existente.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-exemple-de-utilizare-a-kubernetes\"><span>Exemple de utilizare a Kubernetes<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Platforma este utilizat\u0103 de companiile cu servicii avansate care administreaz\u0103 cantit\u0103\u021bi mari de date, axate pe dezvoltare rapid\u0103 \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 probleme.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><span>CERN (The European Organization for Nuclear Research) stocheaz\u0103 \u00een prezent aproximativ 300 de petabytes de date, iar acest num\u0103rul continu\u0103 s\u0103 creasc\u0103 (se estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een c\u00e2\u021biva ani la CERN vor exista de 10 ori mai multe date). \u00cen plus, organiza\u021bia are v\u00e2rfuri de \u00eenc\u0103rcare sezoniere \u0219i trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 posibilit\u0103\u021bi de scalare. CERN utilizeaz\u0103 o infrastructur\u0103 hibrid\u0103 \u2013 stocheaz\u0103 \u0219i proceseaz\u0103 zilnic date pe servere locale \u0219i scaleaz\u0103 solu\u021bia \u00een cloud, dac\u0103 este necesar. Efectuarea orchestra\u021biei containerelor cu Kubernetes a permis organiza\u021biei s\u0103 automatizeze complet deservirea aplica\u021biilor, s\u0103 simplifice procesul de implementare \u0219i s\u0103 accelereze dezvoltarea tehnologic\u0103, printre altele, reduc\u00e2nd timpul necesar pentru ad\u0103ugarea unui cluster de la mai mult de 3 ore la 15 minute, \u0219i un nod nou (ma\u0219ini \u00eentr-un cluster) de la mai mult de 30 de minute la 2 minute.<\/span><\/li><li><span>Nokia dezvolt\u0103 produse \u0219i solu\u021bii legate de re\u021beaua de telecomunica\u021bii \u0219i ofer\u0103 solu\u021bii pentru mul\u021bi operatori. Companiile partenere Nokia au diferite solu\u021bii de infrastructur\u0103: unele folosesc centre de date locale (servere fizice), altele folosesc ma\u0219ini virtuale sau cloud, alte companii folosesc solu\u021bii hibride. Scopul companiei Nokia este de a oferi partenerilor o solu\u021bie pe deplin eficient\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi nevoie de ajustarea produsului de fiecare dat\u0103 pentru o infrastructur\u0103 diferit\u0103. Prin utilizarea Kubernetes, ace\u0219tia sunt \u00een m\u0103sur\u0103 s\u0103 creeze produse care pot rula \u00een orice mediu. K8s suport\u0103, de asemenea, ad\u0103ugarea de noi func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i derularea de teste f\u0103r\u0103 a le separa \u00een mediul \u021bint\u0103, economisind astfel c\u00e2teva sute de ore la fiecare implementare.<\/span><\/li><li><span>Adidas \u00ee\u0219i dezvolt\u0103 serviciul de e-commerce folosind oportunit\u0103\u021bile oferite de Kubernetes. \u00cenainte ca firma s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 K8s, introducerea modific\u0103rilor era laborioas\u0103, iar implement\u0103rile erau adesea blocate \u00een etapa DevOps \u2013 de exemplu, pentru a accesa ma\u0219ina virtual\u0103, dezvoltatorii trebuiau s\u0103 a\u0219tepte \u00eentre 30 de minute p\u00e2n\u0103 la o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103. Dup\u0103 containerizarea serviciului \u0219i rularea Kubernetes, dezvoltatorii se pot concentra pe crearea de noi func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi \u00een loc s\u0103 adapteze sistemul \u00een detaliu la cerin\u021bele de infrastructur\u0103 sau s\u0103 a\u0219tepte suportul DevOps. \u00cenainte, versiunile noi erau f\u0103cute o dat\u0103 la fiecare 4-6 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni, acum acestea sunt introduse de mai multe ori pe zi.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Posibilit\u0103\u021bile Kubernetes sunt utilizate, de asemenea, de Booking.com, BlaBlaCar, ING Group \u0219i Zalando.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-kubernetes-pe-google-cloud-platform-tutorial\"><span>Kubernetes pe Google Cloud Platform \u2013 tutorial<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Primul pas este intrarea \u00een consola Google Cloud:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/console.cloud.google.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span>https:\/\/console.cloud.google.com\/<\/span><\/a><span>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Crea\u021bi un proiect nou (face\u021bi clic pe numele proiectului de l\u00e2ng\u0103 textul &#8220;Google Cloud Platform&#8221; din col\u021bul din st\u00e2nga sus).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/nowe-1-tworzenie-projektu-1024x578.png\" alt=\"Google Cloud Platform - tworzenie nowego projektu\" class=\"wp-image-32616\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Completa\u021bi numele proiectului \u0219i face\u021bi clic pe <strong>Create<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/nowe-2-nowy-projekt-1024x578.png\" alt=\"Google Cloud Platform - tworzenie nowego projektu\" class=\"wp-image-32620\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Revenind la lista de proiecte (butonul de l\u00e2ng\u0103 textul &#8220;Google Cloud Platform&#8221;) ve\u021bi primi <strong>ID-ul proiectului<\/strong>. Acesta va fi necesar \u00een etapele urm\u0103toare.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/nowe-3-nowy-projekt-1024x578.png\" alt=\"Google Cloud Platform - tworzenie nowego projektu\" class=\"wp-image-32624\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Deschide\u021bi <strong>Cloudshell<\/strong> (col\u021bul din dreapta sus).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/01-Cloudshell-1024x578.png\" alt=\"Kubernetes tutorial - cloudshell\" class=\"wp-image-32552\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Folosind comanda de mai jos, seta\u021bi proiectul la care ve\u021bi lucra:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: xml; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">gcloud config set project k8s-demo-281313<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Ave\u021bi grij\u0103 s\u0103 introduce\u021bi \u00een comand\u0103 ID-ul proiectului dvs. \u2013 acesta poate fi diferit de cel din exemplul dat.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/02-ustawienie-projektu-2-1-1024x578.png\" alt=\"Kubernetes tutorial - ustawienia projektu\" class=\"wp-image-32602\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Mai departe, seta\u021bi regiunea \u00een care dori\u021bi s\u0103 implementa\u021bi aplica\u021bia:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: xml; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">gcloud config set compute\/zone europe-west3-c<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Lista regiunilor se afl\u0103 aici: <\/span><span>&nbsp;<\/span><a style=\"background-color: #ffffff; font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/about\/locations#europe\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/about\/locations#europe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/03-ustawienie-regionu-1024x578.png\" alt=\"Kubernetes tutorial - ustawienie regionu\" class=\"wp-image-32560\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Crea\u021bi un cluster folosind comanda:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: xml; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">gcloud container clusters create my-cluster--num-nodes=1<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Steagul <strong>\u2013num-nodes<\/strong> permite setarea num\u0103rului de node-uri (ma\u0219ini fizice sau virtuale) din cluster. Mai multe informa\u021bii despre steag pot fi g\u0103site sub linkul: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/sdk\/gcloud\/reference\/container\/clusters\/create#--num-nodes\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span>https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/sdk\/gcloud\/reference\/container\/clusters\/create#\u2013num-nodes<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Aceast\u0103 opera\u021bie poate dura c\u00e2teva minute.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Dup\u0103 terminarea opera\u021biei, ve\u021bi ob\u021bine un tabel \u00een Cloudshell care va afi\u0219a parametrii clusterului.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/04-parametry-klastra-1024x578.png\" alt=\"Kubernetes tutorial - parametry klastra\" class=\"wp-image-32564\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Acum folosi\u021bi comanda:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: xml; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">gcloud container clusters get-credentials my-cluster<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Comanda actualizeaz\u0103 fi\u0219ierul <strong>kubeconfig<\/strong> cu referin\u021bele \u0219i informa\u021biile corespunz\u0103toare pentru a continua lucrul cu clusterul.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/05-aktualizacja-pliku-o-referencje-i-informacje-1024x578.png\" alt=\"Kubernetes tutorial - aktualizacja pliku o referencje i informacje\" class=\"wp-image-32568\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Pentru a implementa aplica\u021bia \u00een cluster, folosi\u021bi comanda: <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: xml; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">kubectl create deployment hello-server --image=gcr.io\/google-samples\/hello-app:1.0<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Steagul <strong>\u2013image<\/strong> indic\u0103 un link la o aplica\u021bie containerizat\u0103 \u00een serviciul <strong>Container Registry<\/strong> (GCR). Serviciul Container Registry permite stocarea imaginilor containerizate ale aplica\u021biei. Pentru mai multe informa\u021bii despre GCR, consulta\u021bi:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/container-registry\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span>https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/container-registry<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Aici se afl\u0103 codul surs\u0103 al aplica\u021biei <strong>hello-app<\/strong> pe care o implementa\u021bi:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/GoogleCloudPlatform\/kubernetes-engine-samples\/blob\/master\/hello-app\/main.go\"><span>https:\/\/github.com\/GoogleCloudPlatform\/kubernetes-engine-samples\/blob\/master\/hello-app\/main.go<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Pute\u021bi implementa aplica\u021bia indic\u00e2nd o imagine containerizat\u0103 din <strong>Container Registry<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/06-contaner-registry-1024x578.png\" alt=\"Kubernetes tutorial - contaner registry\" class=\"wp-image-32572\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Acum expune\u021bi aplica\u021bia (<strong>expose<\/strong>). \u00cen acest scop, folosi\u021bi comanda:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: xml; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">kubectl expose deployment hello-server --type LoadBalancer \\\n--port 80 --target-port 8080<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Mai multe informa\u021bii despre <strong>kubectl<\/strong> pot fi g\u0103site la:&nbsp; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/reference\/generated\/kubectl\/kubectl-commands#expose\"><span>https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/reference\/generated\/kubectl\/kubectl-commands#expose<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Steagul <strong>\u2013type<\/strong> indic\u0103 tipul de implementare (ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer sau ExternalName). \u00cen acest caz, crea\u021bi un LoadBalancer care va face aplica\u021bia disponibil\u0103 pe Internet.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Steagul <strong>\u2013port<\/strong> indic\u0103 portul prin care urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 fie deservit\u0103 aplica\u021bia.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Steagul <strong>\u2013target-port<\/strong> indic\u0103 portul din container spre care serviciul va direc\u021biona traficul.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Apoi tasta\u021bi comanda: <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: xml; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">kubectl get service hello-server<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Datorit\u0103 acesteia ve\u021bi ob\u021bine <strong>IP-ul public al clusterului<\/strong> pe care a\u021bi implementat aplica\u021bia:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/07-IP-klastra-1024x578.png\" alt=\"Kubernetes tutorial - IP klastra\" class=\"wp-image-32576\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Iat\u0103 rezultatul:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/08-hello-world-1024x115.png\" alt=\"Kubernetes tutorial - hello world\" class=\"wp-image-32580\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Pentru a \u0219terge clusterul \u0219i a anula implementarea, utiliza\u021bi urm\u0103toarele comenzi:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: xml; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">kubectl delete service hello-server\ngcloud container clusters delete my-cluster<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/09-usuniecie-klastra-1024x442.png\" alt=\"Kubernetes tutorial - usuniecie klastra\" class=\"wp-image-32584\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Acestea sunt bazele Kubernetes!<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-kubernetes-pe-google-cloud-platform-ob-ine-i-un-voucher-de-500-usd\">Kubernetes pe Google Cloud Platform \u2013 ob\u021bine\u021bi un voucher de 500 USD<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span>Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 testa\u021bi posibilit\u0103\u021bile Kubernetes \u0219i s\u0103 cunoa\u0219te\u021bi Google Cloud Platform \u2013 o infrastructur\u0103 cloud scalabil\u0103 cu multe propuneri tehnologice \u2013 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/contact\/\"><span>contacta\u021bi-ne<\/span><span>.<\/span><\/a><span>&nbsp; \u00cen calitate de partener oficial Google Cloud Premier Partner, v\u0103 garant\u0103m un voucher de pornire \u00een <strong>GCP de 500 USD,<\/strong> asisten\u021b\u0103 tehnic\u0103 complet\u0103 \u0219i posibilitatea de pl\u0103ti pentru serviciul cloud \u00een <strong>lei<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tot mai multe sisteme IT sunt create folosind containere. Containerizarea implic\u0103 plasarea componentelor aplica\u021biei (procesele, dependen\u021bele, bibliotecile, fi\u0219ierele de configurare sau bazele de date locale) \u00een c\u00e2teva sau mai multe &#8220;colec\u021bii&#8221; numite containere. Aceasta combin\u0103 avantajele virtualiz\u0103rii \u0219i men\u021binerii sistemului pe un server fizic. Adic\u0103, ofer\u0103 scalabilitate, portabilitate software rapid\u0103 \u0219i u\u0219oar\u0103 \u0219i separarea instan\u021belor, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/fotc.com\/ro\/blog\/kubernetes-tutorial\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":20541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_typography_data":[],"_editorskit_blocks_typography":"","_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}"},"categories":[562],"tags":[555,139],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v16.7 (Yoast SEO v19.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kubernetes \u2013 ce este \u0219i cum s\u0103 \u00eencepe\u021bi? 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